![]() RCA tried to market the new records to the general public, but it was the Depression and record sales had collapsed by more than 90 per cent in the space of a year. To make the audio last the entire 11 minutes of a reel of film, the math said the motor required a gear ratio of 108:1. To match up sound and film, a company called Vitaphone introduced a system that used one of those 3600 RPM turntable motors to rotate a 12-inch disc. Motion pictures came on standard-sized reels of 1,000 feet of 35 mm film with a running time of about 11 minutes. In 1931, RCA introduced a new type of record just as movies were beginning to have sound. Who wanted to interrupt Beethoven’s Fifth every four minutes to flip or change the record? That was not good enough, especially for fans of classical music where movements lasted for many minutes longer. Add in speed and diameter, and the maximum capacity of a 78 was around four minutes per side as the needle traced a groove spiral that was about 270 feet long. The 78 had a hard limit on how tightly those grooves could be compacted. Just like with its predecessor, the speed story of the LP is complicated.Īlong with rotational speed and diameter, there’s a third component to the capacity of a record: How closely the grooves are cut together in that continuous spiral from the outer edge toward the inner label. That rotational speed is exactly one-third of 100, so that must be the reason for that speed, right? Well, no. The 10-inch 78 RPM record ruled until 1948 when the 33 1/3 RPM 12-inch record was introduced by Columbia Records. Early audiophiles shelled out extra money for turntables with variable speeds so they could match up their device with any record they purchased.Įventually, though, pretty much everyone settled on a 10-inch 78 RPM design by the 1920s, influenced largely by an industry handbook (written by … someone no one is really sure) that really seemed to like that speed, asserting that it provided the best level of sound, the optimum capacity per side, and the least amount of wear. Other turntable makers jumped into the market and also made their own records, and also chose to have them spin at different speeds, ranging from 50 RPM all the way up to 120. Spring-wound mechanisms provided the power and were notoriously inaccurate. Berliner designed his original Gramophone to play discs “at about 70 RPM.” The reason for this approximation was that this was before the age of electric motors in turntables. There was considerable disagreement about this at the beginning. ![]() Another was the speed at which the disc turned. Width was only one way to determine capacity. ![]() Jonathan Majors found guilty of assaulting his former girlfriend in car.Megamunch, Regina’s beloved animatronic T.Rex being retired.Céline Dion’s sister shares another painful update in singer’s health battle.Alec Baldwin led away by cops after heated face-off at pro-Palestinian rally: video. ![]()
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